Endocrine Abstracts

The risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) development is related to BMI, therefore this disease mainly occurs among overweight (OW) and obese (OB) people. However lean (L) individuals may also suffer from T2DM. The evolution of T2DM is a multistep process and starts with insulin resistance (IR), which may evolve into pre-diabetic state i.e.: impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and/or impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). In up to 70% of patients pre-diabetic state evolves into T2DM. ...

Introduction: 3M syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive condition that causes short stature, unusual facial features and skeletal abnormalities with normal intelligence. Mutations in CUL7, OBSL1 and CCDC8 genes have been identified as pathogenic. GH treatment outcomes for 3M syndrome appear controversial. Use of human recombinant GH for the treatment of short stature has been trialled in previous studies with some suggesting dysregulation in GH/IGF1 axis while others report no...

Introduction: Pituitary apoplexy (PA) is a rare but potentially life-threatening complication that may occur in pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs). Non-functioning PitNETs (NF-PitNETs), specifically macroadenomas, seem to have a higher risk of apoplexy. Case description: A 45-year-old male presented to the emergency unit with a one-week history of binocular visual deterioration (blurred vision, diplopia, visual field defect) with left-side predomi...

Introduction: Primary bilateral macronodular adrenal hyperplasia (PBMAH) is a rare entity. Up to 1/3 of patients with incidental bilateral adrenal nodules presents biochemical evidence of hypercortisolism responsible for obesity, diabetes mellitus (DM), arterial hypertension or dyslipidemia. Its insidious course and nonspecific signs explain the underdiagnosis of this entity.Objective: To describe the case of a patient with metabolic syndrome (MS) with h...

Introduction: Pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (Pan-NENs) account for 1-2% of all pancreatic tumors. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-producing PanNEN is an extremely rare neuroendocrine tumor that accounts for approximately 4-16% of ectopic ACTH-dependent Cushing’s syndrome.Clinical case : A 58-year-old female with arterial hypertension and type 2 diabetes was referred to the Endocrinology Department due to abdominal pain, muscle weakness, and...

Background: Neonatal diabetes is an exceedingly rare condition, defined by the presence of persistent hyperglycaemia in the first months of life. It is sub-categorised into transient neonatal diabetes mellitus (TNDM) which resolves early and permanent neonatal diabetes mellitus (PNDM), which requires lifelong treatment. Transient neonatal diabetes is reported to have a global incidence of between 1/95 000–1/400 000 births. At present, there are less than 100 patients diag...

Introduction: Graves’ orbitopathy (GO) is a rare autoimmune inflammatory disease occurring in 25–50% cases of Graves’ disease (GD). It is associated with poor clinical outcomes, impaired quality of life and socio-economic status. Genetic, environmental and immunological factors are considered to play a role in the pathogenesis of GO, but the effects of neutrophil, lymphocyte counts as well as neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio on the pathophysiology of GO are still ...

Introduction: Studies demonstrate that non-functioning adrenal incidentalomas are assosiated with increased risk of diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases. Chronic inflammation plays key role in developing type 2 diabetes, as well as cardiovascular diseases.Aim: The purpose of the study was to evaluate new anthropometric parameters (BAI, LAP, VAI, BRI, ABSI, RFM) and its relationship with inflammation indicators (PLR, MPVLR, SII) among patients wi...

Introduction: Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by formation of tumors and cysts in various organs. Renal cancer and central nervous system angiomas (whose frequencies in VHL disease are estimated for 70% and 76% respectively) are considered main prognostic factors, with renal cancer being the most common cause of death. Neuroendocrine tumors of the pancreas occur in only 10 to 20% of VHL patients and are benign in the majority of ...

Introduction: Acromegaly is a disease associated with increased secretion of growth hormone and subsequent growth of bones, soft tissues and internal organs. An important factor influencing therapeutic treatment in recent years is the patient’s quality of life associated with the disease. In patients with acromegaly, it is significantly affected by the occurrence of depression and anxiety - agents undergoing treatment, which, however, still appear undiagnosed.<p class...